Explain the importance and impact of poverty on outcomes and life chances for children and young people free essay sample

Poverty can have a huge effect on children and young people’s development. Overall poverty removes choices from people’s lives, their choices are limited to what they can do and afford rather than what they want or need. Which is why poverty is 1 of the 5 on the agenda of the Every child matters framework stating every child should ‘achieve wealth and economic well-being’. We all as parent’s carers have a roles and responsibilities within our community to promote this. Some impacts and outcomes for children and young people are: Communities in poverty may not have local amenities such as play schools, mother and toddler groups and usually have higher risk of gangs and anti-social behaviour within their neighborhood, which may reduce their play in a safe outdoor environment. Poor diet due to low income, lone parent etc. They may not be able to afford the type of food that gives them a balanced and healthy diet. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain the importance and impact of poverty on outcomes and life chances for children and young people or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Families will want to buy cheaper food, which is processed and has more fat and sugar in it. This kind of food leads to a lack of concentration and obesity, which further leads to health issues such as heart problems. Health problems can influence a child’s outcome in life as there would be limits to opportunities. Education higher chance of children from deprived areas getting lower grades due to lack of space or facilities such as computers, internet books etc. leading to them not attending further education affecting future job prospects lower paid jobs, poor working conditions, unsecure jobs. Lack of motivation and guidance the overall journey to better them self seems too long and almost impossible, therefore it is not worth trying. Without guidance children do not learn the correct ways to behave. This will cause them to come into conflict at school because they do not know or understand acceptable boundaries. They may be unaware of the dangers they can face in life. They may have a distorted view of their own abilities and may believe that they are allowed to do what they want because they are never prevented. They may believe they are unloved, unimportant and unvalued and as they grow older this could lead to depression and self-harming. The lack of boundaries could result in them becoming involved in crime and anti-social behaviour. They may struggle to form social relationships because of their lack of personal hygiene. Poor clothing could lead to bullying and teasing, causing them to withdraw and become isolated. According to ‘Every Child Matters’ if a young person between 16 and 18years is ‘Not in Education, Employment or Training’ (NEET) then they will suffer from continuing to not be employed, low income and health issues. It is also said that young people that are NEET have a high chance of becoming young parents, getting involved with unhealthy lifestyles, such as crime, drugs, alcohol and poor diets. So poverty plays a big part in a child or young person’s outcomes and life chances. Living in an area of poverty is not only a lack of food and clothing, but also a lack of resources to enable children to participate in activities that educate them and socialise with others, which can encourage them to fulfil their dreams and aspirations. People not living in poverty tend to get more opportunities than those living in poverty as people in general tend to respect them more.

The Objectives of Women in the International Community

The Objectives of Women in the International Community Introduction International relations continue to re-shape feminism by its increased articulation of the ideology through an enhanced global discourse that pursues the embodiment of human rights. The global community continues to take cognisance of the fact that justifying feminist action is a humanitarian cause that seeks nothing but the good for all humanity (NGO Working Group on Women, Peace, and Security 2015, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Objectives of Women in the International Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In recent times, there has been tremendous progress in recognising and addressing the lopsided impact of conflict on women and girls generally. Women’s leadership pursues the full and equal participation of both girls and women in an effort to establish a lasting global peace and security. Opportunities for women as Lene (2000, p. 78) notes will not be easy to achieve without the promotion and recognition of their human rights. The global community must be imperative to avert conflicts and build peace across the world to make the feminine objectives achievable. Achieving the objectives of women demands that the international community address the following: Women’s participation Often, the society tends systematically exclude women from meaningful participation. This scenario characteristically threatens the sustainability of engagements hence forcing women to push for greater representation and fairness. The international community has a duty to pull together all peace-making initiatives to include women to the process systematically (NGO Working Group on Women, Peace, and Security 2015, p. 2). The need to increase the participation of women and the girl child in the civil society organisations must aim to strengthen women human rights. Increased participation of women must hasten women’s ability as decision makers both at national and loc al levels. The contribution of women is critical as it ensures that women’s rights and priorities are enshrined in the political processes to bring sustainable peace. National and regional integration Local, national, and regional gender balance can pave the way for increased participation of women in the mainstream society and institutionalise women’s leadership in decision-making processes. Women have what it takes to transform almost every sector of society, including health, education, leadership, and business (Mayoux 2010, p. 583). Integration of women in the mainstream activities in the society must aim to enhance gender perspective as pillars of institutional work in the development of these efforts. The international community has a duty to work as a united force to develop, implement, and evaluate the existing global gender strategies that seek embody women affairs.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Expanding public leadership to involve women Over the past thirty years, there has been a widespread revolution in the concept of governance and public administration generally (Riccucci 2010, p. 167). Public administration continues to be a challenge in most parts of the world hence how to improve it becomes a necessity for the harmonious continuity and transition in different societies. The society is fast moving past incremental changes and improving public leadership is part of the process in transforming the government into fundamentally useful entity. Governments of the world have a duty to give an era to women’s voices. Improving public leadership to conform to the ideals of women involves change that must come with acceptance from all stakeholders of the community. This change has to be in the right direction capable of answering to the aspirations of the women in general. Expanding public leadership to invo lve women is a transformation process, which in turn act as process of adjustment in structure, form, and character in the concept of community. Change as Alison (2004, p. 448) opines denote a break from the old unnecessary habits a conversion or a revolution of some sort. Improving public leadership styles constitute a fundamental consideration of program design and a tour into the preferred business processes that an organisation must nurture as part of its tradition (Capper Ginter 2002, p. 156). Organisations or governments have unique footprints of the trajectory of their administrative reforms to guarantee women’s agenda. The leadership reform movements in several parts of the world have footprints of great leaders that had a distinctly ideological zeal attached to them. The need to downsize and decentralise government led to the conceptualisation of more palatable leadership styles that were popular with the masses. In many cases the urge to improve public leadership, stemmed from economic crises that sought to meet the demands of the changing trends to help finance growing economies. The urge to expand public leadership to involve women covers many areas of government such as the need to improve service delivery and increase management output and accountability. Improving public leadership according to MacKenzie (2009, p. 212) relate directly to civil service reforms, performance matrix, use of information technology, strategic planning, contracting, and structural streamlining to accommodate broader managerial perspectives. Democratisation process The Truman Doctrine promulgated a noble policy that meant to support free people who were subdued by armed dynasties or external aggression. President Truman however, observed that the aid America was volunteering would be in handy, yet in the form of fiscal aid given that economic strength and organised political structures were the foundations of stability, which essentially was after all, what the newly independent nations yearned for. The word democracy emanates from two Greek terms ‘demos’ meaning the people while ‘Kratos’ refers to a form of Aristocracy denoting a leadership that is decided upon by the people (Bostdorff 2008, p. 156). In the American context, democracy refers to a people chosen government, a concept of governance that cannot subjugate its people. Democracy by any means is the preserve of an equal opportunity society where everyone has a say in the concept and nature of governance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Objectives of Women in the International Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a concept in public opinion making, democracy makes sovereignty worth its while. The logic of civic competence and the drive to have an impact in the concept of political life and shape the democratic process of a people delves essentially on the ability to grasp th e political tenets that defines a people. Elements such as the logic of civic participation as Vyas (2003, p. 444) notes are essential ideals of democracy that are instrumental in public opinion and decision-making. Clearly, high levels of self-expression, values, and political participation are essential for a healthy public opinion making today. Financing The international community need to direct equal access to women to reach out to direct funding to implement their decision-making. Clearly, the body has a task to provide multi-faceted financial support to women leagues through existing global funding bodies and civil society organisations working at national, regional, and global levels to ensure continued funding to the dedicated efforts for women in different parts of the world (Kiran 2012, p. 572). Gender proficiency is a fundamental across the communities in the world today and the international community should relent to allow a few individuals to make it an optional proce ss. Redefining the roles of the military to limit conflicts across the globe The military are usually the largest division of armed forces authorised to use excessive force in support and protection of the interests of state. Military role is primarily to defend the state and the citizens in prosecuting war external aggression by another state (Parashar 2011, p. 297). The military roles includes but not limited to promoting political agenda, participating in social activities, construction of infrastructures, public health programs, humanitarian and disaster relief operations. Within the wider global politics, militaries collaborate to promote regional stability, and for that matter global world peace. This paper looks at the importance of the military in a wider nationalistic and the broader global geopolitical aspect. Deterrence of external aggression Within the military, the deterrence theory became an issue that captured the imagination of several militaries during Cold War (Zuc kerman Greenberg 2004, p. 267). This was mainly due to the increasing concern by world militaries as the nuclear arms race ragged in.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The presence of an army helps in deterring external aggression and in the process this assist in maintaining regional and global security. As a military practice, the concept of deterrence has been instrumental as a convenience in instigating the other party to refrain from aggression that might result in a counter attack. All these aspects of deterrence seek to nurture Regional Corporation by solving conflicts through consensus. Humanitarian operations and effective disaster relief aid The use of the army for humanitarian and disaster relief operations is a long established military tradition in geopolitics. Within the geopolitics, a clear association exists between disaster outbreak and military relief. The civilian population often looks upon the military to come to their aid whenever disaster strikes or in the event of full-blown wars, and emergencies (Newell 2002, p. 50). Militaries of the world have rapid response teams that coordinate with regional authorities to deliver reli ef and aid to populations under threat of natural disasters or civil wars. Within geopolitics, these operations not only seek to secure regional power balance and world tranquillity, but also to give the military an abstract humanitarian outlook. Promotion of regional stability The logic of regional stability is clear within the geopolitics matrix. Militaries of the world believe that the first step in the promotion of regional stability is by pooling their resources together while enhancing corporation to reinforce the security structure of a region. Within the wider geopolitics, regional Military Corporation allows armies to scale economic boundaries to acquire military equipment necessary in securing regional stability. Military Corporation is therefore, instrumental in geopolitics because it multiplies the military might of a single country’s armed forces. NATO is a typical example of a military alliance that seeks to secure regional stability in the geopolitics of the No rth Atlantic region (Shepherd 2014, p. 345). Within this understanding, militaries find it easy to detect and disrupt terrorist operations and networks in all corners of the world. Discussion The military is a necessary aspect in striking a balance between geopolitics and regional governments within their realms. From the strenuous history of geopolitics, it is clear that the world can only exist in cohesion with itself when there is a robust military in force. Nations of the world are often suspicious with one another hence the need to keep external aggression in check. Militaries defend states and their citizens to avoid unnecessary subjugation by foreign force (Newell 2002, p. 53). In times of natural disasters and civil strife, the army provides humanitarian aid to civilians thus securing lives. National stability and regional stability constitute global peace hence militaries of the world collaborate to disrupt regional conflicts. Human rights movement The quest for human right s creates a mental picture that draws the audience’s assumed knowledge of human beings as horrific entities judging from acts of history that caused and continues to cause unprecedented human sufferings such as colonisation, slave trade, apartheid, torture, and abortion. Human rights as a concept thrived under several concepts before the reigns of King John Lackland of England. For some reason, Lackland violated the laws and customs that governed England and he was compelled to sign the Magna Carta (the Great Charter) in 1215 (Albertone 2009, p. 45). The Magna Carta was a binding document that sought to ensure the King followed the laws of the land while guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of his subjects against his wishes. These ancient developments were the offshoot of the chronicles of the human right movements in history. The then society’s religious mentality is perhaps among the most referenced mind-sets in the ancient international diplomatic ties in the conti nental Europe. In the years following the Second World War, the world turned its focus from the contest between democracy and totalitarianism to emerging threats such as the global balance of power. The power vacuum in the years following the post-war history greatly troubled the United States, especially in the oil opulent and war ravaged Middle East. In the 1960s, much of the Middle East was a deep preoccupation and this was mainly because its inclination to communistic thinking. The foundations of the Truman Doctrine were premised on the justification of the theory that Communism thrived on sheer determination to destabilise world economy. Conclusion Societal ethics as explored in the traditions of old parochial societies and embedded in the origins of the agreeable social relations and attitudes cherished by the society have brought humanity this far. The interplay between human rights and public policy making relationships usually express themselves in the patterns or forms of behaviour that the society considers to bring about ethical symbiosis between its key cogs. In the past, these prototypes were stipulated in the decorum of the customs of the day, and were idealised, analysed, and inferred upon the people by the moral thinking standards of the time. However, with increased democratisation of the society and enhanced acceptance of human rights, everyone has the right to influence public opinion and policymaking. References Albertone, M 2009, Rethinking the Atlantic world: Europe and America in the age of democratic revolutions, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hampshire. Alison, M 2004, ‘Women as Agents of Political Violence: Gendering Security’, Security Dialogue, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 447–463. Bostdorff, D 2008, Proclaiming the Truman Doctrine: The Cold War Call to Arms, A M UP, USA. Brooke, A Jacqui, T 2008, ‘Reflexivity in Practice: Power and Ethics in Feminist Research on International Relations’, International S tudies Review, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 693-707. Capper, S., Ginter, P 2002, Public health leadership Management cases and context, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications. Kiran, G 2012, ‘Reclaiming the Voice of the ‘Third World Woman’, International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 569-590. Lene, H 2000, ‘The Little Mermaid’s Silent Security Dilemma and the Absence of Gender in the Copenhagen School’, Journal of International Studies, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 285-306. MacKenzie, M 2009, Empowerment boom or bust? Assessing womens post-conflict empowerment initiatives, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol. 22, no 2, pp. 199-215. Mayoux, L 2010, ‘Reaching and Empowering Women: Towards a Gender Justice Protocol for a Diversified, Inclusive, and Sustainable Financial Sector’, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 581-600. Newell, C 2002, The framework of operational warfare, Routledge, Lo ndon. NGO Working Group on Women, Peace, and Security 2015, 2015 Civil Society Women, Peace and Security Roadmap. Web. Parashar, S 2011, ‘Gender, Jihad, and Jingoism: Women as Perpetrators, Planners, and Patrons of Militancy in Kashmir’, Studies in Conflict Terrorism, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 295-317. Riccucci, N 2010, Public administration traditions of inquiry and philosophies of knowledge, Georgetown University Press, Washington. Shepherd, L 2014, Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations, Routledge, London. Vyas, A 2003, ‘Empowering Women through Information and Knowledge’, Gender, Technology and Development, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 443-445. Zuckerman, E Greenberg, M 2004, ‘The Gender Dimensions of Post-Conflict Reconstruction: An Analytical Framework for Policymakers’, Gender and Development, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 4-34.

Substance Abuse, Homelessness, Hunger and How They Relate Research Paper

Substance Abuse, Homelessness, Hunger and How They Relate - Research Paper Example Homelessness is the aspect of an individual lacking housing facilities as a basic need and they end up living in the streets. These people lack a fixed or even regular place they can stay at night and end up living in tents or structures made up of unsustainable materials to shelter themselves at night which is only temporary (Shumsky 12). Hunger can be defined as staying for long periods of time usually a minimum of 24 hours without eating any food for the lack of it. Hunger causes health problems as a result of lack of energy to enable them function to full physical and even mental capacity. According to statistics, homelessness in the United States is attributed to the following main causes: poverty, unemployment, lack of affordable housing and the greatest of them all is substance abuse (Didenko & Pankratz 9). Substance abuse incapacitates an individual to the extent that they are unable to function to their full physical and mental capacity. They lose their jobs and cannot sustain their families. With the lack of income and money to pay rent or even purchase food, they end up homeless and hungry and have to reside on the streets or even emergency shelters and temporarily made up tents. The deplorable conditions under which the homeless people live in provides a reason for them turning into substance abuse as a way to drown and forget their current poor state of affairs or the hunger they are constantly facing. A food pantry is a food bank or a large storage of food products mostly the canned food that cannot easily expire and it is mostly for emergency purposes only or when a given part of the community requires the food. Since the homeless are incapacitated to provide decent food for themselves and most of the time they go hungry, there is a need for the community to have a food bank to be supplying food to these homeless people occasionally (Gitterman 25). Taking care of the homeless people as a community through feeding them is one huge step in changing their lives.